Validity - 3 Months
Summary
Schistosomiasis also known as Bilharzia is a type of worm that attacks humans. It is found throughout the tropics (Most of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, and less so in the Middle and Far East) and at least two-hundred-million people world-wide are infected. It is a special problem in young children as it can interfere with development and can reduce their life expectancy.
Distribution and Transmission
Fully-grown worms live in the bladder or the wall of the intestine. The worm produces large numbers of eggs that leave the body in the urine or stools. If these eggs have contact with fresh water larvae hatch and infect certain snails that live in the water. The larvae are produced which can swim and seek out humans skin and find their way into the bladder and intestine where they can lay eggs for the rest of their lives (up to 15 years).
Prevention
• There is no vaccine available • Do not cross streams at points where there is a lot of human contact – always cross upstream from a village • When water crossing wear waterproof shoes, cover ankles & wear long trousers – if you submerge your head use cotton wool earplugs & keep your eyes & mouth closed • Drying clothes in the sun may kill Schistosomiasis larvae • If you come in contact with contaminated water dry your skin immediately by rubbing vigorously with a clean cloth - rubbing the skin with alcohol or methylated spirits will further reduce the risk of infection • Bathing water should stand for three days – beware of shower water • Avoid drinking infected water • Wear protective footwear when walking in soil, especially if damp or water logged • Chlorinated pools and salt water are generally considered to be safe
Recommendation for Travellers
When you return home... If you have been at risk of contracting Schistosomiasis you should have urine & stool tests to detect eggs. It may take 30 – 40 days for eggs to be produced so early testing may give false negative results. A blood test may assist diagnosis.
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